https://www.medsciencegroup.us/journals/archives-of-anatomy-and-physiology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 17 May, 2025 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-10-126.php This study explores the integration of online laboratories into secondary biology education in Kazakhstan, focusing on invertebrate animals such as earthworms. A localized, interactive lab was developed and piloted with seventh-grade students. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study compared academic performance and engagement between experimental (digital lab) and control (textbook) groups. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in learning outcomes and student motivation for the digital lab group. The study highlights the potential of localized digital tools that enhance science learning, promote equity, and modernize biology instruction in Kazakhstani schools. 25 Mar, 2025 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-10-125.php Many reports of out-of-body experiences and similar extraordinary situations accumulate nowadays in the field of psychology and psychiatry, and numerous records of unusual mental states have been published recently in scientific literature. Based on this, the present review tries to bring the fields of neuro- and consciousness science together with quantum physics in a short recapitulation of relevant brain mechanisms and their correlations to quantum phenomena. Regarding additional dimensions, many interesting hypotheses and extrapolations of physical theories are published nowadays, especially in particle physics as well as cosmology. Here, relevant articles were revisited, and this review tries to combine contents of these publications with reports of subjective as well as neuro- and consciousness science. 04 Jan, 2025 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-10-124.php Background: This study aimed to analyze the technical aspects and follow-up findings regarding patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent the Kissing Balloon Technique (KBT). Methods: 20 patients (22 bifurcations) were enrolled in this retrospective analysis between September 2020 and February 2022. All patients were submitted to infrapopletial intervention for critical limb ischemia. The KBT is the primary treatment in 3 situations: for cases with > 70% stenosis of the main artery located less than 1 cm of the bifurcation, occlusion of one branch with greater than 50% stenosis of the contralateral branch, or greater than 50% bilateral stenosis. Results: Primary patency at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years was 100%, 68.1%, and 68.1, respectively. Limb salvage rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years were 100%, 86.6%, and 65.0%, respectively. Wound healing rates at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 7.1%, 34.4%, 44.5%, and 68.7%, respectively. The bifurcations of the V-shape and T-shape groups were compared in terms of wound healing, primary patency, and limb salvage. No differences were observed in wound healing (P ¼ 0.268), primary patency (P ¼ 0.394), and limb salvage (P ¼ 0.755). Conclusion: The KBT is a feasible bifurcation approach for infrapopletial angioplasties to maintain the patency of both branches after ballooning. The comparison between the anterior tibial artery and tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation and the peroneal artery and posterior tibial artery bifurcation revealed no difference in wound healing, primary patency, and limb salvage. 22 Oct, 2024 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-9-123.php This review presents biophysical and quantum physical aspects of informational processes coming from the early evolution till the human brain. Here, the sophistication in the layered cortex architecture as well as the functional orientation of its areas has built nearly “free” zones for associations and connections. With our self-consciousness, a further horizon is reached which represents a “membrane” or portal to other space dimensions - leading out of the narrow cage of the brain. This notion renders the brain cortex into a kind of “antenna”. Some possible ways of this linkage to these “outer space dimensions” are discussed, also looking to psychological aspects like “extended mind”, terminal lucidity” etc. 29 Jun, 2024 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-9-122.php This mini-review discusses the temporal discrepancy between subjective introspection of mental processes and the speed of classical synaptic and action potential transmission to all centers involved. In the latter instruments available measure significantly slower time frames. Gap junctions as electric synapses are found within the upper cortex layer in a significant number. Much faster would be neuronal computing with quantum information processes – increasingly discussed in publications about biophysics and brain processes. The key feature and the importance of this mini-review is that it compactly summarizes most of the recent models of neuronal processing with the main message that our current instruments only reveal remnants of more rapid biophysical processes lying behind the classical neuronal processes. 30 Dec, 2023 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-8-121.php Most individuals want to feel like they’re living for something bigger than themselves. In or out of our consciousness. While the idea is appealing, the reality may be more difficult to achieve. The assumptions about life’s meaning may stem from a lack of introspection into one’s own purpose. These hardwired beliefs about the world often originate in our families and the places we call home. Having an effect on the world, no matter how big or little, is what gives people a feeling of purpose in life, rather than a predetermined destination. One’s purpose is the driving force behind their behavior. Continually and throughout the years. Purpose provides stability and direction even in the face of failures and a seemingly chaotic environment. The subject of life’s purpose may seem abstract, but it’s worth pondering. If people want to be happy and successful in every aspect of life, finding purpose is the key. 30 Dec, 2022 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-7-120.php Establishment of seedling growing method(s) is priority activity to the distribution of newly introduced vegetable crops. Chaya is proposed as candidate vegetable crop to distribute in eastern Ethiopia. However, recommendation is lacking for rooting media and type of cutting to produce seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess effect of rooting media and number of nodes on rooting, seedling establishment and early growth of chaya at Dire Dawa from February 2018 to July 2018. Three level of rooting media (top soil only, 3:2:1 top soil: farmyard manure: sand, 3:1 top soil: farmyard manure), three levels of node number (2, 3, 4) and two seedling growing methods (seedbed/bare root and polyethylene bag) in factorial combinations were evaluated in completely randomized and randomized complete block designs with three replications for nursery and field experiments, respectively. Seedling growing methods significantly influenced all traits, rooting media, number of nodes and interaction of the main factors had significant effect on percentage of root initiated cuttings. Fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, dry weight of leaves and root significantly influenced by interaction of the three factors. The seedlings raised on seedbed filled with 3:1 top soil: farmyard manure (91.6%) and stem cuttings with four nodes (92.7%) showed high percentage survival. Generally, either one or more of the three main factors rooting media, number of nodes and seedling growing method or one or more of the possible two and three main factors interactions significantly influenced the seedlings growth and establishment of seedlings at the field. In conclusion, chaya seedlings from cutting responded well to type of rooting media containing top soil: farmyard manure: sand, cutting length with three and four nodes and growing method (seedbed). Therefore, in the study area it could be advised to use combined mixtures of 3:2:1 top soil: farmyard manure: sand and stem cutting with four nodes grown on nursery bed and field establishment. 11 May, 2022 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-7-119.php Background: Dental pathologies are noticeable alterations or deviations from normal dental architecture and can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors. This present study aimed to identify and report the dental pathologies in the Nigerian local pig. Materials and methods: The cleaned skulls of 47 local pigs, aged between 3-51 months were assessed for observable dental abnormalities such as missing teeth, fractured teeth, persistent deciduous teeth, dental caries, dental calculus, and tooth rotation. Results: The study revealed that 98% of the skulls had dental attrition while 96% had stained teeth. About 66% had a least a missing tooth while 78% of adult skulls had at least one persistent deciduous tooth. Fractured tooth, dental calculus, dental caries, and tooth rotation were observed in 46.8%, 74.4%, 34% and 21.3%, respectively. The most common persistent deciduous tooth was the second maxillary incisor, whereas the most commonly missed tooth was the first mandibular premolar, which was bilateral in 75% of affected skulls. Dental calculus was not observed on skulls below 6 months, while the incisor tooth was the most affected tooth by dental attrition. Conclusions: The Nigerian local pig, like other breeds, is susceptible to and has dental pathologies. The data obtained from this study will be beneficial to farmers, as early detection of dental abnormalities will promote productivity and reduces economic losses in pig husbandry. It will also be useful to researchers, especially those using pigs in Nigeria as a model for translation research and comparative dental studies. 19 Jan, 2022 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-7-118.php Anatomy, in its broadest concept, is the science that studies the development and constitution of living beings. The study of human anatomy becomes mandatory for all courses in the Health Area since its understanding is fundamental for understanding the physiology and pathological processes that affect the human being. Some strategies such as Youtube videos, digital tables such as Anatomage, synthetic pieces and body painting were created to facilitate and socialize access to such information. The main objective of this short communication was to integrate the knowledge obtained through the survey of the History of Anatomy with the current trends of new teaching methodologies, which can help in learning but cannot replace the use of natural parts such as corpses. 30 Jun, 2021 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-6-117.php Introduction: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the iatrogenic complications of the neuraxial blockade. Its incidence has steadily declined with advances in anesthesia techniques, improved knowledge of pathophysiology, and the implementation of preventable measures. However, it has the potential to cause significant morbidity in affected individuals. This article introduces a new non-invasive and cost-effective treatment for PDPH termed DISH10 (Deep Inspiration, Squeeze & Hold for 10 seconds) maneuver. It also describes the essential steps involved in the DISH10 maneuver and discusses various biomechanics associated with these steps. We hypothesize that the DISH10 maneuver hastens spontaneous recovery by increasing intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure and provides quick relief. Methods: This comparative cohort study includes 100 PDPH patients in three years, from January 2018 to March 2021. This study is divided into two groups. Group 1 included a prospective case series of 50 patients of PDPH treated with DISH10 maneuver. Group 2 included a retrospective cohort of 50 patients of PDPH treated with conventional conservative management with or without sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB). The demographics, type of neuraxial anesthesia, size/type of spinal needle, time to develop headache, and time to outcome were noted. Results: The incidence of PDPH was higher with 25G spinal needles (Quincke) in both the groups (82% in DISH10 and 74% in group 2) than with 27G spinal needles (Whitacre). The median of time to outcome (time to make patients symptom-free) with DISH10 maneuver was significantly lower (7 hours) than the conservative group (48 hours). All 50 patients in Group 1 (case series) became symptoms-free and ready to discharge within 24 hours of commencement of the DISH10 maneuver. Conclusion: The DISH10 maneuver has shown better results than conventional conservative management with or without SPGB in terms of treatment duration, time to discharge, and total hospital stays, making the DISH10 maneuver a cost-effective option. 17 Apr, 2021 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-6-116.php In this paper we have reported our experience in several years in whom we have studied the phenomena correlated with the intracranial pressure. We have started to study different types of animals during an experimental condition of intracranial hypertension; we have observed many different configurations in spontaneous pathologic humans, and, eventually, in last years we have passed to confirm our ideas modelling an intracranial system in a physical phantom made by a centrifugal pump, stainless steel for base, glass for the wall, elastic tube for the cerebrovascular tree and collapsible tubes for venous drainage. We have noted that there is some confusion about the so-called Monro-Kellie doctrine; the major part of the scientist believe in a sort of static interpretation given by the sum of the compartment which constitute the intracranial system (parenchyma, blood and cerebrospinal fluid). But we believe in a dynamic interpretation in which there is a constant balance between the arterial inflow and venous outflow during each cardiac cycle. In this paper we have focused on the results, obtained in the different preparations, animals, humans and in vitro, all confirming the assumption that there is no difference between arterial inflow and venous outflow. 28 Apr, 2020 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-5-114.php Purpose: We evaluated the association between cervical lordosis and age, sex, sedentarity, and history of cervical trauma. Methods: CT scans of 206 individuals, 111 with and 95 without a history of cervical trauma were divided into three age groups (18-39, 40-59 and 60+ years). The cervical lordosis measurements [C0-C7 (total), C0-C3 (upper), C2-C7 (mid-lower), and C3-C7 (lower)] were obtained from CT scans using the Cobb method. Results: A history of cervical trauma was associated with total and mid-lower cervical lordosis, indicating a reduction of the lordosis compared to the group with no history of cervical trauma. Significant sex differences in the non-trauma group were found only in the young (20-39) and intermediate (40-59) age groups with males exhibiting greater lordosis angles than females. Older females, without a history of cervical trauma, had greater mid-lower and lower cervical lordosis than younger females. Sedentary work predicted the magnitude of the upper cervical lordosis. Subjects working in a sedentary position develop forward head posture, which may eventually advance to head and neck pain. 13 Mar, 2020 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-5-113.php Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects about 2%-4% of the population. Clinically typical erythemato-squamous papules and plaques of different sizes and shapes on the skin are characterized by the parallel appearance of epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and angioneogenesis. Although many factors are blamed in the etiology of psoriasis, genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, there may be fluctuations in psoriasis activity by hormonal changes and pregnancy. Overall, three out of every four psoriasis patients experience a change in the course of the disease during pregnancy. The proportion of those with improvement in the course of psoriasis is about twice as high as those with worsening. 28 Dec, 2019 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-4-112.php Fractures can be complete or partial. Some fractures needs surgery or metal plates, while some fractures may only need a brace. Types of fractures are transverse, oblique, spiral, and comminute, impacted, greenstick, open and closed. The healing of fractures begins with the formation of a hematoma by internal and external calli. 01 Aug, 2018 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-3-111.php Aortic arch is a challenging site for endovascular repair. In the present study morphometric details of aortic arch such as aortic arch angle, aortic arch type and angle of aortic arch curvature were observed with an objective to provide normogram of these parameters for north indian population as the literature is lacking with these values. These parameters were corelated with age and gender also. It is a pilot study of its own kind. 24 Jan, 2018 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-3-110.php Background: Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is associated with progressive loss of functional nephrons leading to chronic renal failure. In our study, we analysed the changes in the areas of the renal corpuscles and glomerular capillary tufts of superfi cial and juxtamedullary nephrons in 9 male spontaneously hypertensive rats, distributed in the following age groups: 4, 6 and 12-month-old. 30 Dec, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-109.php This work elucidated the protective effect of leaf extract of the Boerhaavia diffusa L. (punarnava) on kidney damage following fl uoride administration in rats. Forty eight rats were randomly divided into eight group’s six rats in each. Group I was administered deionized water orally served as control. Group II and III were administered with 300 and 600 ppm NaF/kg bw/day for 40 days. Group IV were orally administrated with 500mg/kg b.w/day of leaf extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. for 20 days Group V and VI were pre-treated with 500 mg/kg bw/day of leaf extract of the Boerhaavia diffusa L. for 20 days and then exposed to 300 and 600 ppm NaF/kg bw/day for 40 days. 07 Nov, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-108.php The present study investigated the effect of oral administration of sodium fl uoride on testicular histopathology of rats and evaluated ameliorative effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Adult male rats weighing 100-150g were administered with sodium fl uoride (NaF) at three different doses 100, 200 and 300 ppm/ kg body weight, orally, daily for 40 days. At the end of the experimental period, half of the animals were sacrifi ced and their testis was removed. Remaining half rats were post treated with two doses (250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight) of leaf extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L. for 20 days 15 Sep, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-107.php Nitric oxide (NO) is an important organizer of the cardiovascular function and is an important mechanism in hampering the pathogenesis of the diseased heart. The scenario of bioavailable NO in the myocardium is complicated: 1) NO obtain from both endogenous and exogenous NO synthases (NOSs) and the number of NO from exogenous sources varies considerably 20 Jul, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-106.php Double outlet right ventricle, total anomalous venous return, total anomalous hepatic venous drainage and supra mitral ring with Ivemark syndrome is an unusual combination of cardiac malformations. These complexities of congenital anomalies can pose problem in preoperative diagnosis and surgical management. 10 Mar, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-105.php Background: Aging of the myocardium is a dynamic process which involves progressive loss of cardiomyocytes due to necrosis and apoptosis, interstitial fi brosis and reactive hypertrophy of the remaining vital cardiomyocytes. In our study, we investigated the postnatal changes in the myocardium of 15 adult male Wistar rats, distributed in the following age groups: 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months old. We used routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and Mallory’s trichrome stain. 07 Feb, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-104.php The daily rhythm of body temperature is an important process to be studied not only to advance knowledge on the temporal variability of thermal homeostasis but also has a means to facilitate the study of biological rhythmicity in general. The aim of the present study was to study the daily rhythm of rectal temperature and the changes in the serum levels of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in goat 07 Feb, 2017 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-2-103.php Introduction: Soft-tissue fi ller injection is a very common procedure all around the world. Although the safety profi le for these products is favorable, adverse events can occur, ranging from mild to severe in intensity. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-1-102.php Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber pathway linking the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain. These connections through the CC are either homotopic that connect the same or similar areas on each hemisphere or heterotopic that connect functionally similar, but anatomically different areas in two hemispheres. 06 Dec, 2016 https://www.medsciencegroup.us/articles/AAP-1-101.php Background: Awareness about the variable vascular anatomy of superior mesenteric artery is imperative for appropriate clinical management. Present study not only augments anatomical literature pertaining to mesenteric vasculature but also adds to the clinical acumen of medical practitioners in their clinical endeavors.